Cybersecurity-Architecture-and-Engineering Exam Questions & Answers

The correct answer is D --- Encryption to prevent man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping attacks.

WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488) explains that while NFC is inherently short-range, it is still vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Applying encryption ensures that even if communication is intercepted, the data remains protected and confidential.

Kerberos (A) is primarily for authentication within internal networks. Bluetooth restrictions (B) are unrelated to NFC. PDM (C) restricts device usage but does not directly protect NFC communication.

Reference Extract from Study Guide:

'Encrypting near-field communication ensures confidentiality and protects against interception and manipulation through man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping attacks.'

--- WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488), Wireless and Mobile Security Concepts

The correct answer is C --- Cyber kill chain.

The Cyber Kill Chain, developed by Lockheed Martin, is a model that breaks down a cyber attack into seven distinct phases: reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control (C2), and actions on objectives. According to the WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488) study materials, this model helps security teams understand and interrupt an attack at various stages.

While MITRE ATT&CK (B) and its ICS variant (A) provide detailed mappings of techniques used by attackers, they are not structured specifically into seven phases like the Cyber Kill Chain. The Diamond Model (D) is an analysis methodology, not a phase-based model.

Reference Extract from Study Guide:

'The Cyber Kill Chain model divides the sequence of a cyber attack into seven phases, providing a structured method for analyzing and disrupting attacks.'

--- WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488), Attack Frameworks and Methodologies

Security edge devices(such as NGFWs, IDS/IPS, and secure gateways) are deployed at thenetwork perimeterto inspect and filter traffic, providing aninitial layer of defenseagainst external threats before they reach internal systems.

NIST SP 800-41 Rev. 1:

''Edge security devices enforce security policy at network boundaries and act as a first line of defense by preventing unauthorized or malicious traffic from entering the internal network.''

They are not TPMs or SIEMs, though they maygenerate dataconsumed by SIEMs.

WGU Course Alignment:

Domain:Network Security

Topic:Deploy perimeter defense technologies at network entry points

The correct answer is A --- Implementing two-factor authentication.

According to WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488) content, two-factor authentication (2FA) strengthens authentication processes by requiring users to provide two forms of evidence (e.g., password + SMS code or authentication app) before accessing systems. Even if credentials are stolen, without the second factor, attackers would be unable to log in.

Background checks (B) are important for insider threats but not stolen external credentials. Security awareness training (C) is good practice but does not technically prevent the misuse of stolen credentials. SIEM systems (D) help detect breaches but do not stop unauthorized access at the authentication layer.

Reference Extract from Study Guide:

'Two-factor authentication mitigates the risks associated with credential theft by requiring an additional factor, significantly improving the security posture.'

--- WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488), Authentication and Identity Management

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The correct answer is B --- Mandatory vacation.

According to the WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488) coursework, mandatory vacation policies require employees to take time off, during which their duties are either paused or performed by others. This break can reveal fraudulent activities, as the original employee cannot cover up their misconduct during their absence.

Separation of duties (A) prevents a single person from controlling critical processes but is not about temporarily removing an employee. Job rotation (C) moves employees between roles regularly but doesn't enforce a break. Least privilege (D) restricts access but does not address uncovering hidden misconduct.

Reference Extract from Study Guide:

'Mandatory vacations help detect fraudulent activities, as employee absence can expose irregularities that would otherwise remain hidden through continuous control over processes.'

--- WGU Cybersecurity Architecture and Engineering (KFO1 / D488), Administrative Security Controls

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